4AA Limited Human
Epithalon
Synthetic pineal tetrapeptide that activates telomerase and extends telomere length, one of the most-studied molecular candidates in geroprotection research.
In Plain English: Epithalon is a tiny four-amino-acid chain modelled on a natural extract from the pineal gland. In lab and animal studies it switches on telomerase — an enzyme that rebuilds the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes whose shortening is closely linked to cellular ageing. Researchers have also documented antioxidant, anti-tumour, and circadian-rhythm benefits, though large-scale human trials remain limited.
Research Maturity
Limited Human (~80-100 peer-reviewed papers (1997-2025); only 2 small human trials (n=162; n=75)+ Studies)
Quick Facts
Focus
Cellular Stress & Oxidation
Healthy Aging Research
Sleep & Circadian Rhythm
Route
IM
SubQ
Origin
Synthesised as the putative active tetrapeptide of Epithalamin (bovine pineal extract), first studied by V.K. Khavinson at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. Confirmed to occur naturally in pineal tissue (2017).
Mechanism
Activates telomerase (hTERT) transcription in somatic cells; binds DNA at ATTTC and CAG-repeat regions; forms complexes with histones H1/3 and H1/6; upregulates IL-2 mRNA; increases AChE/BuChE activity; reduces ROS and lipid peroxidation; influences AANAT/pCREB in pineal cells to raise melatonin synthesis.
Outcome
Telomere length (qPCR, avg 33.3% increase in human cell lines), telomerase activity (TRAP assay, 4-26x increase), maximum lifespan extension in rodents (12-13%), chromosomal aberration frequency, tumour incidence/latency, melatonin/cortisol levels, visual acuity in retinitis pigmentosa.
Safety Flags & Warnings
Comprehensive Toxicology Data Absent
No Published Pharmacokinetic Data
Telomerase & Cancer Context
No Adverse Events in Small Trials
Always consult a licensed physician. Research purposes only.
€6.2 / mg
